VoIP
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a technology for transmitting voice information over IP networks, including the Internet, instead of traditional telephone lines. VoIP converts an analog voice signal into digital data packets, sends them over the network, and then converts them back into audio on the receiver’s side.
How It Works
VoIP uses the TCP/IP protocol stack to transmit voice. The process consists of three stages:
- Digitizing voice using codecs (e.g., G.711, G.729).
- Splitting the digital stream into small data packets.
- Transmitting the packets over an IP network using signaling protocols (SIP, H.323) and transport protocols (RTP for audio delivery).
This allows VoIP communication to operate both within local networks and over the Internet, providing flexible connectivity.
Key Features
- Integration with other services — video conferencing, file sharing, conference calls.
- Independence from geographic location — only a network connection is required.
- Support for operation via dedicated VoIP phones, softphones, or mobile applications.
Examples of Use
VoIP is used in corporate call centers that require a large number of simultaneous calls with flexible routing. Companies deploy VoIP to organize internal communication between branches via secure channels. In remote work environments, VoIP is integrated into video conferencing systems such as Zoom or Microsoft Teams. Telecommunications providers use VoIP for international calls to reduce service costs.
Advantages
- Significant cost savings, especially for international calls.
- Flexibility and scalability without the need for additional phone lines.
- Support for additional functions such as call recording, forwarding, and interactive voice response (IVR).
- Integration with CRM and other enterprise systems.
VoIP technology has transformed the way voice communication is organized, making it more affordable and feature-rich. It enables businesses and individuals to move away from rigid reliance on traditional telephone networks and adopt flexible digital solutions integrated with modern IT systems.
Frequently Asked Questions
A device with a microphone and speakers (or a headset), an Internet connection, and a VoIP client or phone.
A high-quality voice call requires 100–150 Kbps per voice channel, but video calls and conferences need higher bandwidth.
Yes. Using a VoIP gateway or an analog telephone adapter (ATA), a standard analog phone can be connected to an IP network.
When encryption is used (e.g., SRTP, TLS), VoIP provides a high level of security; however, unencrypted connections can be vulnerable to data interception.
