Ethernet
Ethernet is a data transmission technology used in local and metropolitan area networks, based on packet-based information transfer. It defines the rules for physically connecting devices, addressing methods, and the format and structure of transmitted frames. Ethernet is one of the most widely used network communication standards and is found in most office, home, and industrial networks.
History
Ethernet technology was developed in the 1970s at the Xerox PARC research laboratories. The first commercial version of the standard appeared in 1980, and in 1983 it was approved as the international IEEE 802.3 standard. Since then, Ethernet has evolved significantly, increasing its transmission speeds from 10 Mbps to 400 Gbps and beyond.
How It Works
Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) method, in which a device first checks if the channel is free before sending data. If a collision is detected, the data is retransmitted. Today, this method is mainly found in legacy networks, as modern Ethernet networks operate through switches that virtually eliminate collisions.
Key Parameters
- Data transmission speed — from the classic 10 Mbps to modern 400 Gbps.
- Cable types — copper (twisted pair) and fiber optic.
- Topology — most often a star topology with a central switch.
Examples of Use
Ethernet is widely used to connect workstations, servers, and network equipment within a single office, campus, or data center. It is also used for building video surveillance networks, connecting industrial controllers, transferring data between server clusters, and providing stable Internet access and streaming media in home networks.
Advantages
- High data transmission speed suitable for modern applications.
- Reliability and connection stability.
- Scalability and flexibility in configuration.
- Compatibility with a vast range of devices and technologies.
Ethernet has become a universal standard defining the foundation of computer networking. It offers a balance between performance, reliability, and cost, making it essential for both home and enterprise infrastructures. The standard continues to evolve, with new versions enabling ever higher transmission speeds.
Frequently Asked Questions
Ethernet uses a wired connection, providing more stable speeds and minimal latency, while Wi-Fi operates over wireless channels and is subject to interference.
Yes, by using a network switch, multiple devices can be connected to a single port, forming a whole local area network.
Yes, Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology allows electrical power to be transmitted along with data over a single cable, which is helpful for IP cameras, access points, and phones.
Modern standards allow speeds of up to 400 Gbps, and future implementations are expected to reach 800 Gbps and beyond.
